Certain water-soluble high molal oxyalkylated esters and method of making same



Patented Nov. 30, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTAIN WATER-SOLUBLE HIGH MOLAL OXYALKYLATED ESTERS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Melvin De Groote, University City, and Bernhard Keiser, Webster Groves, Mo.,

assignors to Petrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Del., a

corporation of Delaware 11 Claims.

This invention relates to a new chemical product, our present application being a division of our pending application for patent Serial No. 401,380, filed July 7, 1941, for Process for breaking petroleum emulsions.

One object of our invention is to provide a new chemical product or compound that is particularly adapted for use as a demulsifier in the resolution of crude oil emulsions.

Another object of our invention is to provide a practicable method for manufacturing said new chemical product or compound.

Although one of the, primary objects of our invention is to provide a new compound or composition of matter that is an efficient demulsifier for crude oil emulsions of the water-in-oil type, the said compound or composition of matter may be employed in other arts, as hereinafter indicated. It also may have additional uses in various other fields which have not yet been investigated.

The new chemical compound or composition of matter herein described, is exemplified by the acidic, or preferably, neutral ester derived by complete esterification of one mole of a polyalkylene glycol of the kind hereinafter described, with two moles of a fractional ester derived from a hydroxylated material of the kind herein described, and a polybasic carboxy acid having not over six carbon atoms.

If a hydroxylated material, indicated for the sake of convenience by the formula T.OH, is reacted With a polybasic carboxy acid of the dibasic type, which, similarly, may conveniently be indicated by the formula HOOC.D.COO H, then the fractional ester obtained by reaction between equimolar quantities may be indicated by the following formula:

HOOC.D.COO.T

The polyethylene glycol may be characterized by materials of the kind such as heptaethylene glycol, octaethylene glycol, nonaethylene glycol, decaethylene glycol, to and including heptadecaethylene glycol. For convenience these polyethylene glycols may be indicated by the following formula OH (C2H40) mH in which 171. varies from 7 through l7.

Instead of polyethylene glycols, one may use polypropylene glycols or polybutylene glycols. Thus, for convenience, in the broadest aspect, the polyalkylene glycols employed may be indicated by the following formula:

in which m has its previous significance, and n represents a numeralvarying from 2 to 4.

Thus, the bulk of the materials herein contemplated, may be indicated within certain variations, as hereinafter stated, by the neutral ester derived by esterification of one mole of a glycol of the kind above described, with two moles of-a fractional ester of the kind previously described; The formation of the compound may be indicated by the following reaction, although obviously,-it is immaterial what particular procedure is employed to produce the particular chemical compound or product: Y

As indicated previously, the polybasic acids, employed are limited to thetype having not more than six carbon atoms, for example, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, and 'adipic. Similarly, one may employ acids such as fumaric, maleic, glutaconic, and various others, including citric, malic, tartaric, and the like. The selection of the. particular tribasic or dibasic acid employfid is usually concerned, largely, with convenience of manufacture of the finished ester, and also of the price of the reactants. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature employed, the easier it is to obtain large yields of the esterified product. Although oxalic acid is comparatively cheap, it decomposes somewhat readily at slightly above the boiling point of water. For this reason, it is more desirable to use an acid which is more resistant to pyrolysis. Similarly, when a poly basic acid is available in the form of an anhye dride, such anhydride is apt to produce the ester with greater ease than the acid itself. For this reason, maleic anhydride is particularly adapta-.-. ble; and also, everything else considered, the, cost is comparatively low on a per molar basis, even though somewhat higher on a per pound basis.

Succinic acid or the anhydride has many of the attractiv qualities of maleic anhydride; and this is also true of adipic acid. For purposes of brevity, the bulk of the compounds hereinafter illustrated will refer to the use of maleic anhydride, although it is understood that any other suitable polybasic acid may be employed. Furthermore, for purposes of convenience, reference is made to the use of polyethylene glycols. As has been previously indicated, such glycols can be replaced by suitable polypropylene or polybutylene compounds. As far as the range of oxyalkylated compound employed as reactants is concerned, it is our preference to employ those having approximately 8-12 oxyalkylene groups, particularly 8-12 oxyethylene groups. The preference to use the oxyethylated compounds is due, largely, to the fact that they are commercially available, and particularly so in two desirable forms. The most desirable form is the so-called nonaethylene glycol, which, although consisting largely of nonaethylene glycol, may contain small amounts of heptaethylene and octaethylene glycols, and possibly minor percentages of the higher homologs. Such glycols represent the upper range of distillable glycols; and they may be conveniently referred to as upper distillable ethylene glycols. There is no particularly good procedure for making a sharper separation on a commercial scale; and it is understood that mixtures of one or more of the glycols may be employed, as well as a single glycol. As pointed out, it is particularly preferred to employ nonaethylene glycol as commercially available, although it is understood that this product contains other homologs, as indicated.

Substantially as desirable as the upper distillable polyethylene glycols. are the lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols. These materials are available in the form of a waxy water-soluble material, and the general range may vary some what from decato tetradeca-ethylene glycol. As-is well understood, the method of producing such glycols would cause some higher homologs to be formed; and thus, even in this instance, there may be present some oxyethylene glycols within the higher range above indicated. One need not point out that these particular compounds consist of mixtures, and that in some instances, particularly desirable esters are obtained by making mixtures of the liquid nonaethylene glycol with the soft, waxy, lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols. For the sake of convenience, reference in the examples will be to nonaethylene glycol; and calculations will be based on a theoretical molecular weight of 414. Actually; in manufacture, the molecular weight of the glycol employed, whether a higher distillable polyethylene glycol, or a lower non-distillable polyethylene glycol, or a mixture of the same, should bedetermined and reaction conducted on the basis of such determination, particularly inconiunction with the hydroxyl or acetyl value. v

It has been previously pointed out that it is immaterial how the compounds herein contemplated are manufactured, although we have found it most desirable to react the selected glycol or mixtures of glycols with maleic anhydride in a ratio of two moles of the anhydride for one mole of the glycol. Under such circumstances, we have found little tendency to form longer chain polymers; and in fact, the product of reaction, if conducted .at reasonably low temperatures, appears to be largely monomeric. For convenience, such intermediate product may then be considered as a dibasic or polybasic acid. One mole of the intermediate so obtained is then reacted with two moles of the alcoholic material of the kind subsequently described.

It is to be noted, however, that if one prepares a fractional acidic ester, then if two moles of the fractional acidic ester are reacted with one mole of the polyethylene glycol, there is no possibility for the formation of polymeric types of esterification products under ordinary conditions.

The alcoholic bodies employed as reactants in one mode of manufacture of the present compounds, are hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halides or other compounds, in which there is present an anion functionally equivalent to the halide amine, i. e., an anionic functional equivalent to the chloride or bromide ion. There is a large variety of such compounds available, and they are characterized by the fact that the group substituted for the hydrogen atom of the pyridinium radical contains in excess of '7 carbon atoms, as, for example, when derived from one mole of triricinolein, as subsequently described, it may have present as many as 9 carbon atoms. Generally speaking, the range of 10-30 carbon atoms represents the most desirable type of reactant to be employed. The hydroxyl radical may be present as part of a hydroxy hydrocarbon radical, or it may be present as the part of an aoyl radical. For instance, it may be present as part of a ricinoleyl radical, or similar radical, derived from hydroxystearic acid or the like.

In order to illustrate suitable quaternary reactants of the type above described, reference is made to the following examples. It is to be noted that this list is by no means exhaustive.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 1 500 g. of a fatty acid ethanolamide, obtained by reaction of split cocoanut oil (containing all the natural acids, beginning with the caprylic up to the stearic acid, and some oleic acid) with monoethanolamine, 330 g. hydrochloride of a fraction of pyridine bases (50% distilling up to 140 0., distilling up to 160, completely soluble in water) and g. of the mixture of the free pyridine bases, are heated at 100 C. until the product is, for the most part, soluble in water and stable towards diluted sodium carbonate solution. After being separated from the primary compounds not reacted upon, the mixture of pyridinium-, picoliniumand other homologous pyridinium compounds obtained, may be further worked up to form a 10% watery solution.

When working at -160", the reaction is more rapid.

Furthermore, pure pyridine may be used instead of a mixture of pyridine bases.

(Compare with Exampl 2 of the aforementioned Haack Patent No. 2,242,211.)

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 2 Hydroxyethyl ricinoleoamide derived by reaction between ricinoleic acid and monoethanolamine is substituted for the amide employed in Example L'preCeding.

INTERMEDIATE REAoTANT Example 3 A drastically-oxidized castor oil having approximately the following characteristics:

Acid number 13.2 to 25.0 Saponification number 230.5 to 274.0 Iodine number 43.5 to 55.0 Acetyl number 164.0 to 192.0 Hydroxyl value 188.0 to 220.0 Percent unsaponifiable matter 1.1 Percent nitrogen 0.0 Percent S03 0.0 Percent, ash Trace is converted into the hydroxyethyl amide by reaction with monoethanolamine. Such amide is substituted for the amide employed in Example 1, preceding.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 4 One pound mole of castor oil is treated with three pound moles of ethylene oxide in the presence of one-half of 1% of sodium ricinoleate as a catalyst at a temperature of l200 C. at a gauge pressure of 100 pounds and less than 300 pounds, so as to produce an oxyethylated triricinolein. Such material is converted into the hydroxyethyl amide by reaction with monoethanolamine. Such amide is employed instead of the amide described in Example 1, preceding, and is essentially the same as the amide in Example 2, preceding.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 5 Phenylstearic acid is prepared in any suitable manner, as, for example, in the manner described in U. S. Patent No. 2,081,075, dated May 18, 1937, to Vobach. This is converted into phenylstearic hydroxyethyl amide, and such amide employed in the manner described in Example 1, preceding.

The manufacture of the above compounds is usually conducted with an excess of the pyridinium base halide, such as the hydrochloride or hydrobromide, and usually in the presence of a significant amount of the free pyridinium base itself. In many instances, however, there is no need to use an excess of the pyridinium base halide, and in fact, no need to have present any of the free pyridinium base itself, or at the most, only a trace of the free base. (The above 5 examples are substantially as they appear, numbered Examples 1 through 5, in U. S. Patent No. 2,273,181, dated February 17, 1942, to De Groote and Keiser.)

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 6 8 parts of chloracetyl chloride were added slowly to 20 parts of castor oil, while stirring. After the first vigorous reaction had subsided, the mixture was placed under a reflux condenser and was stirred and heated on a steam plate for 6 hours. The evolved H01 gas was then swept out with dry air. Then 6 parts of pyridine were added to the mixture, which was thereupon warmed while stirring for a period of four hours. The product was a red, viscous oil which was nearly solid at room temperature. In water it formed a clear, viscous solution of low surface tension.

The product was not precipitated from solution. by alkali, alkaline earth;, or heavy metal salts.

INTERMEDIATE RE cTA T Example 7 Example 8 I Bis(hydroxyethyl) ricinoleoamide is substituted for castor oil in the preceding example so as to give a suitable monopyridinium derivative.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 9 Monoricinolein is substituted for castor oil in Intermediate reactant, Example 7, preceding, so

as to yield the monopyridinium derivative.

INTERMEDIATE REAoTANT Example 10 Diricinolein is substituted for monoricinolein in the preceding example.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 11 The ricinoleoamide derived from tris(hydroxyinethyl) aminomethane is substituted for bis(hydroxyethyl) ricinoleoamide in Intermediate reactant, Example 8, preceding.

INTERMEDIATE REA-CTANT Example 12 The neutral ester derived by esterifying one part of diethylene glycol with 2 parts of ricinoleic acid, is substituted for castor oil in Intermediate reactant, Example 7, preceding, so as to yield the monopyridinium derivative.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 13 Mannitan mono-oleate is substituted for castor oil in Intermediate reactant, Example 7, so as to obtain the monopyridinium derivative.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 14 Ricinoleic acid or an ester thereof such as ethyl ricinoleate is reduced to give the corresponding diol, i. e., a dihydroxy octadecane. Such diol is substituted for castor oil in Intermediate reactant, Example 7, preceding, so as to obtain the corresponding monopyridinium derivative. Similarly, instead of dihydroxy octadecane, dihye.

droxy octane, dihydroxy decane, or dihydroxy tetradecane may be employed.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 15 Phenol is reacted with acetone (or diethyl ketone or methyl ethyl ketone), as described in U. S, Patent No. 1,225,748, to Wallace A. Beatty, to give the compound diphenylol methane 0113 \C6H4OH (or the corresponding diethyl or methyl ethyl compound). This compound is hydrogenated as described in British Patent No. 274,439, to give the corresponding dicyclohexylol dialkyl methane. The product so obtained may be conveniently considered as a diol and substituted in place of the diol used as a reactant in Intermediate reactant, Example 14, preceding.

Preceding Examples 6 and 7 are substantially as they appear in U. S. Patent No. 2,306,775, dated December 29, 1942, to C. M. Blair, Jr., as Examples 1 and 2. Compare Intermediate reactant, Examples 8-15, inclusive, with Intermediate reactant, Examples 6 and 7. Note also that a somewhat similar reactant, which may be employed in the manufacture of intermediates by the same procedure, is obtained by reacting two moles of ricinoleic acid with one mole of ethylene diamine, or one mole of ricinoleic acid with one mole of hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine to give an amide.

INTERMEDIATE REAc'rANT Example 16 The procedure described in the aforementioned Blair Patent No. 2,306,775 is followed so as to give a chemical compound analogous to the one depicted by structural formula in Intermediate reactant, Example 7, preceding, except that sufficieni; chloracetyl chloride, and likewise, sufficient pyridine, is employed so that a dipyridinium compound is obtained.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 17 12 parts of ricinoleo-hydroxymethylamide, 8 parts of anhydrous pyridine hydrochloride, and 20 parts of pyridine are stirred together at 70-80" C. until a test sample of the reaction mixture dissolves in water to give clear solutions. The reaction mixture is then distilled at (SO-70 C. under reduced pressure to remove pyridine. Acetone is then added to the distillation residue, which is a viscous mass, wherebythe new quaternary salt is precipitated in the form of white needles. The new quaternary salt, ricinoleo-methyl pyridinium chloride, thus obtained when purified, if necessary, by recrystallization from acetone, gives analyses corresponding to the formula The new quaternary salt is readily soluble in warm Water to give clear foaming solutions.

Compare with Example 2 of U. S. Patent No. 2,146,392, dated February 7, 1939, to Baldwin and Walker.)

INTERMEDIATE REAoTANT Example 18 U. S. Patent N0. 2,146,408, dated February 7, 1939, to Shipp, discloses compounds of the following type formula:

Obviously, a compound of the above type or'a suitable variant thereof may have present an alcohol hydroxyl group. For instance, R may be derived from ricinoleic acid. Such compound may be treated with ethylene oxide so as to convert the amino hydrogen atom into a hydroxyethyl group.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 19 U. S. Patent No. 2,202,328, to Albrecht, dated May 19, 1940, discloses compounds of the following type:

The same sort of procedure enumerated in the preceding example may be used to assure the presence of an alcoholic hydroxyl group.

INTERMEDIATE REAc'rANT Example 20 Compounds are obtained comparable to those described in Examples 1-5, inclusive, by use of diethanolamine, instead of monoethanolamine for the production of amide, or by oxyethylation or oxyalkylation of the completed product derived from monoethanolamine, whereby an amino hydrogen atom is converted into a hydroxyethyl group,

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 21 An esterified hydroxy tertiaryamine, such as ethyl diethanolamine or triethanolamine, as exemplified by the following formula:

RC 0 C2114 OHC2H4N in which RC0 is a fatty acid radical, such as the oleic acid radical or ricinoleic acid radical, is substituted for the hydroxylated amide in the type of material exemplified by Examples 1-5, preceding.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTAN'r Example 22 An esterified polyamine of the following formula type:

RCOCzH4 C2H4OH N C2H4O C2114 is substituted for the somewhat analogous monoamino reactant of the preceding example.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 23 As to other substituted pyridinium type compounds which may serve as reactants in the manufacture of the compounds of the kind herein contemplated, reference is made to the following: U. S. Patent No. 2,189,397, Feb. 6, 1940, Harris; 2,189,664, Feb. 6, 1940, Katzman; 2,190,133, Feb. 13, 1940, Epstein et al.; 2,213,979, Sept. 10, 1940, Epstein, et al.; and 2,217,683, Oct. 15, 1940, Katzman.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTANT Example 24 A high molal amine, for instance, the amine derived by converting oleic acid, stearic acid, ricinoleic acid, lauric acid, and, the like, into the corresponding amide, and then reducing to the nitrile and then further reducing to the amine, is treated with an oxyalkylating agent, such as ethylene oxide, to give a product such as hydroxyethyl dodecylamine, or bis(hydroxyethyl) dodecylamine. Such products are then treated with pyridinium hydrochloride or the equivalent in the manner contemplated in Intermediate reactant, Examples 1-5, preceding, so as to yield a hydroxylated compound.

INTERMEDIATE REAcTAN-r Example 25 The ricinoleic acid amide derived by reaction between ricinoleic acid and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is reacted With pyridine hydrochloride in the manner illustrated by Intermediate reactant, Examples 1-5, preceding.

INTERMEDIATE REACTANT Example 26 Z-amino-Z-methyl-i-propanol is reacted with ricinoleic acid and the amide so obtained reacted With pyridine hydrochloride in the manner exemplified by Intermediate reactant, Examples 1-5, preceding.

Similar reactants include the following: 2- amino-l-butanol; 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propane diol; 2 aniino-2-ethyl-1,3-propane diol; 1,3- diamino propanol. Such material may not only be combined with ricinoleic acid, but in such instances where there is more than one available hydroxyl radical after completion of the intermediate, one may use olcic or naphthenic acid or the like to introduce a high molal acyl group. It is to be noted that some of the pyridinium compounds above described as reactants represent new compositions or compounds. Similarly, analogous materials so derived that there is no residual alcoholic hydroxyl, also represent new' types of materials.

Having obtained hydroxylated substituted pyridinium compounds of the kind previously described, the next step, of course, is to obtain fractional esters derived from nonaethylene glycol of the kind described in the earlier part of the present disclosure. Such materials may be illustrated by the following examples:

GL'ZCOL EsTER INTERMEDIATE PRoDUoT Example 1 One pound mole of ncnaethylene glycol is treated with two pound moles of maleic anhydride, so as to form nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate.

GLYCOL EsTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT Example 2 A mixture of lower ncn-distillable polyethylene glycols, representing approximately decato tetradeca-ethylene glycol, is substituted for nonaethylene glycol in the preceding example.

GLYcoL ESTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT Example 3 A 5 mixture of nonaethylene glycol and lower non-distillable polyethylene glycols of the kind described in the previou example is'substituted for nonaethylene glycol in Example 1.

GLYooL EsTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT Example 4 Adipic acid is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3, preceding.

GLYCOL EsTER INTERMEDIATE PRoDUcT Example 5 Oxalic acid is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3, preceding.

GLYcoI. ESTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT Example 6 Citric acid is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3, preceding.

GLYcoL ESTER INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT Example 7 Succinic anhydride is substituted for maleic anhydride in Examples 1-3, preceding.

The method of producing such fractional esters is well known. The general procedure is to employ a temperature above the boiling point of Water and below the pyrolytic point of the reactants. The products are mixed and stirred constantly during the heating and esterification step. If desired, an inert gas, such as dried nitrogen, or dried carbon dioxide, may be passed through the mixture. Sometimes it is desirable to add an esterification catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, benzene sulfonic acid, or the like. This is the same general procedure as employed in the manufacture of ethylene glycol dihydrogen 'diphthalate. See U. S. Patent No. 2,075,107, dated March 30, 1937, to Frasier.

Sometimes esterification is conducted most readily in the presence of an inert solvent that carries away the water of esterification which may be formed, although, as is readily appreciated, such Water of esterification is absent when the reaction involves an acid anhydride, such as maleic anhydride, and a glycol. However, ifwater is formed, for instance, when citric acid is employed, then a solvent such as xylene may be present and employed to carry off the water formed. The mixture of xylene vapors and water vapors can be condensed so that the water is separated. The xylene is then returned to the reaction vessel for further circulation. This is a conventional and well-known procedure and requires no further elaboration.

COMPOSITION or MATTER Example 1 2 pound moles of a hydroxylated pyridinium compound of the kind exemplified by Intermediate reactant product, Example 2, preceding, are reacted with 1 pound mole of a glycol ester intermediate product oi the kind described under COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 2 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, preceding, except that the alcoholic body employed, instead of being the type exemplified by Intermediate reactant, Example 2, is of the kind exemplified by Intermediate reactant, Example 4.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, preceding, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 6, is employed instead of Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

COMPOSITION or MATTER Example 4 Th same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 8, is employed instead of Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 5 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 17, is substituted for 7 Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

COMPOsITION OF MATTER Example 6 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 18, is substituted for Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

CoMPosITIoN or MATTER Example 7 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 19, is substituted for Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 8 The sam procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, EXample 20, is substituted for Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

CoMPOsITIoN or MATTEP.

Example 9 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 21, is substitutedfor Intermediate reactant, Example 2. Y

COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 10 The same procedure is followed as in Composition of matter, Example 1, except that Intermediate reactant, Example 22, is substituted for Intermediate reactant, Example 2.

COMPOSITION OF MATTER Example 11 Glycol ester intermediate products exemplified by Examples 4-7, preceding, are substituted for Glycol intermediate products, Examples 1, 2 and 3, in the preceding 10 examples.

In esterifying hydroxylated pyridinium compounds of the kind described, it is to be noted that some show rather marked resistance to decomposition by the action of heat. For instance, they may be comparatively resistant at a temperature of C., or even C. Others may show decomposition at lower temperatures, for instance, 120 C. In any event, esterification must be conducted at a suitable temperature so as to prevent decomposition in the instances of such compounds that are more readily susceptible to pyrolysis.

It is to be noted that this second step is an esterification reaction, and the same procedure is employed as suggested above in the preparation of the intermediate product. Needless to say,

any particular method may be used to produce tural unit. For instance, in the monomeric form this may be indicated in the following manner:

acid glycol acid If, however, one prepared an intermediate product employing the ratio of three moles of maleic anhydride and two moles of nonaethylene glycol, the tendency would be to produce a product which might be indicated in the following manner:

acid glycol acid glycol acid Similarly, three moles of the glycol and four moles of the acid might tend to give a combina tion which may be indicated thus:

acid glycol acid glycol acid glycol acid Another way of stating the matter is that the composition may be indicated in the following manner:

TOOC.D.COO[ (C2H40) m-1C2H4OOC.D.COO IT in which the characters have their previous significance and x is a relatively small whole number less than 10 and probably less than 5; and in the monomeric form x, of course, is 1. The limitations on the size of a: are probably influenced largely by the fact that reaction leading to further growth is dependent upon random contact.

Some of the products are self-emulsifiable oils, or self-emulsifiable compounds; whereas, others give cloudy solutions or soles; and the most desirable type is characterized by giving a clear solution in water, and usually in the presence of soluble calcium or magnesium salts, and frequently, in the presence of ignificant amountsofeither acids or alkalies.

() By using a polybasic carboxy acid of I lower molecular weight, for instance, maleic instead of adipic acid; and

((1) By using a substituted pyridinium derivative of lower molecular weight, or one hav-. ing one or more ether linkages, or one or more free hydroxyl groups, or'an additional basic amino nitrogen atom. I

Indeed, in many instances, and in fact, in practically all instances, the substituted pyridinium compound employed as a reactant prior to esterification is perfectly water-soluble. In some instances the product, if not completely water-soluble, is still self-emulsifiable. Thus, it is to benoted that in this instance one-is not limited to hydroxylated materials which are acid water-insoluble prior to reaction with a"glycol' ester, but they are, in fact, almost invariably" clearly water-soluble. v

Actually, a reaction involving an alcoholjand an acid (esterification) may permit small amounts of either one or both of the reactants,, depending upon the predetermined proportion, to remain in an unreacted state. In the actual preparation of compositions of the kind herein contemplated, any residual acidity can be re moved by any suitable base, for instance, ammonia, triethanolamine, or the like, especially in dilute solution. Naturally, precaution should be taken, so that neutralization takes place Without saponification or decomposition of the ester. In some cases there is no objection to the presence of the acidic group. Indeed, if a tribasic acid be employed in such a manner as to leave one free carboxyl group, then it is usually desirable to neutralize such group by means of asuitable basic material. I

In the hereto appended claims, reference to a neutral product refers to one in which free carboxylic radicals are absent.

Materials of the kind herein contemplated may find uses as Wetting, detergent, and leveling agents in the laundry, textile, and dyeing in-- dustry; as wetting agents and detergents in the acid washing of fruit, in the acid washing of building stone and brick; as a wetting agent and spreader in the application of asphalt in road building and the like, as a constituent of soldering flux preparations; as a flotation reagent in the flotation separation ofvarious minerals; for flocculation and coagulation of various aqueous suspensions containing negatively charged particles such as sewage, coal washing waste water, and various trade wastes and the like; as germicides, insecticides, emulsifiersfor cosmetics, spray oils, water-repellent textile finish etc. These uses are by no means exhaustive.

However, the most important phase. of the present invention, as far as industrial application goes, is concerned with the use of the materials previously described as demulsifiers forwaterin-oil emulsions, and more specificall emulsions of water or brine in crude petroleum.

A somewhat analogous use of our demulsifying agent is the removal of a residual mud sheath which remains after dril i g by th ot yrme h od. Sometimes the;drilling mud contains-added,- calcium'carbonate or the like to render themud: susceptibleto reaction with hydrochloric acid, orthe like, and thus expedite its removal.

Chemical compounds of the kind herein described. are also of value .as surface tension depressants, in the .acidization of calcareous oilbearing strata by means of strong mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid Similarly, some merr bers are, effective as surface tension depressants o wett n a n in t e fl in of h t e r n S ra a I l As {to using compounds of the kind herein de-'; scribed asfioodingagents forre covering oil from subterranean strata, reference is made tothe proceduredescribed in detail in U. S. Patent No.

2,226,119, dated December 24, 1940, to Del qroote. and Keiser. As to using compounds of the kind herein described as demulsifiers, or in particular as surface tensionv depressants, in combination with mineral acid or acidizationof oil-bearing strata, referenceis made to U. S. Patent No. 2,233,383, dated February 25, 1941, to De Groote. and Keiser.

It will be apparent to those skilled in, the at that residual carboxyl acidity can be eliminated by esterification with a low, molal alcohol,

for instance, ethyl, methyl, or propyl alcohol,

byconventional procedure, so as to give a substantially neutral product, The introduction of suchlow molalhydrophobe groups does not seri-. ouslyafiect the solubility, and in some instances, gives increased resistance, to soluble calcium and magnesium salts, for such property is of particular-value. Usually, however, neutralizationwith a, dilute solution of ammonia or the like is just as-practicable andless expensive.- I I Attention is again directed to ouraforemen tioned U. S. Patent No. 2,273,181, and particularly to what is said in the last few paragraphs of thespecification of saidpatent in regard to certain new compounds. Such compounds, wherein the pyridinium nitrogen atom is linked to a secondary carbon atom, may be employed, if hydroxylated, as reactants for the manufacture of the instant compositions.

In the hereto appended claims, it is intended that the monomeric forms contemplate also the polymeric forms,insofar that the polymeric forms 1. A water soluble esterification product, de-

rived by reaction between one mole of a polybasic compound and two moles of a hydroxy-. lated substituted pyridinium halogen compound;

the polybasic compound being the esterification product of: v(A) apolyalkyleneglycol having at least, Fland notmore than-17 ether linkages,- and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and; not morethan 6 carbonatoms; and

(B) a polybasic. 'carboxy acid having notlmore than 6 carbon atoms; and the ,ratio of the esteri:

fyingreactants being withinthe rangeof more than 1 and not over, 2 'moleseof the polybasicacid-for each mole of the glycol; said-hydroxy-..

lated substituted pyridinium halogen compound containingas a substituent for thepyridinium hydrogematom, aradical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, .andhaving as an integralpart thereof at least onealco;

holiform hydroxyl, radical.

, 2...A,n eutral, water-s ub e erifltat i,erode] uct, derived by reaction between one mole of a polybasic compound and two moles of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound, the polybasic compound being the esterification product of (A) a polyalkylene glycol having at least '7 and not more than 17 ether linkages, and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms; and (B) a polybasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol; said hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound containing as a substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom, a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical.

3. A neutral, water-soluble esterification product, derived by reaction between one mole of a polybasic compound and two moles of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound, the polybasic compound being the esterification product of: (A) a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 1'7 ether linkages; and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms; and (B) a dibasic carboxyacid having not more than'fi carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol; said hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound contain ing as a substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom, a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical.

4. A neutral, water-soluble esterification prod uct, derived by reaction between one mole of a V polybasic compound and two moles of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound; the polybasic compound being the esterification product of (A) a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 17 ether linkages, and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 4 carbon atoms; and (B) a dibasic carboXy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol; said hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound containing as a substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom, a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical.

5. The neutral water-soluble esterification product, derived by reaction between one mole of a dibasic compound and two moles of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound; the dibasic compound being the esterification product of: (A) a polyethylene glycol having at least '7 and not more than 1'7 ether linkages; and (B) a dibasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms; and the ratio of the esterifying reactants being within the range of more than 1 and not over 2 moles of the dibasic acid for each mole 'of the glycol; said hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound containing as a substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom, a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radicali '6. A water-soluble chemical compound of the following formula type:

'rooqncooi (021140) mC2H4OOC.D.COO]wT OOC.D.COO

is the acid radical derived from a dibasic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radicalhaving not over 6 carbon atoms; m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12; and :r is asmall whole number less than 10.

'7. A Water-soluble chemical compound of the following formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (Cal-I40) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

in which T is a radical derived by the dehydroxylation of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound in which the substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom is a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical;

OOC.D.COO

is the acid radical derived from a dibasic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having not over 6 carbon atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

8. A neutral, water-soluble chemical compound of the following formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (C2H4O) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

in which T is a radical derived by the dehydroxylation of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound in which the substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom is a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxy radical; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from maleic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having not over 6 carbon atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12.

9. A neutral, water-soluble chemical compound of the following formula type:

TOOC.D.COO (C2H4O) mC2H4OOC.D.COO.T

in which T is a radical derived by the dehydroxylation of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound in which the substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom is a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at; least v one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from succinic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having not over 6 carbon atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from 7 to 12. a

10. A' neutral, water-soluble chemical compound of the following formula type:

droxylation of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium halogen compound in which the substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom is a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms, and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical; OOC.D.COO is the acid radical derived from adipic acid by removal of the acidic hydrogen atoms; said acid radical having not over 6 carbon atoms; and m represents a numeral varying from '7 to 12.

11. In the manufacture of the esterification product of the kind described in claim 1, the steps of (A) esterifying a polyalkylene glycol having at least 7 and not more than 17 ether linkages and the alkylene radical thereof containing at least 2 and not more than 6 carbon atoms, with a polybasic carboxy acid having not more than 6 carbon atoms, in the predetermined ratio of more than one and not more than 2 moles of the polybasic acid for each mole of the glycol, to produce a water-soluble product; (B) esterifying one molal proportion of said alkylene glycol dihydrogen acid ester with 2 moles of a hydroxylated substituted pyridinium compound containing as a substituent for the pyridinium hydrogen atom, a radical containing at least 8 and not more than 59 carbon atoms; and having as an integral part thereof at least one alcoholiform hydroxyl radical.

MELVIN DE GROOTE.

BERNHARD KEISER. 

